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<!-- <h1 style="font-size: 16px; color: #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 0; font-weight: bold">AUTOPOIETIC COMMUNITIES - Shibam and Wadi Hadramaut </h1>--><br />
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<td><font style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 24px; padding: 10px;">LOCAL APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUE</font></td><br />
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<td><font style="font-size: 16px; padding-left: 8px;">Technique:</font></td><br />
<td style="padding-left:10px;"><font style="font-size: 20px;">AUTOPOIETIC COMMUNITIES</font></td><br />
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<td><font style="font-size: 16px; ">Local name:</font></td><br />
<td style="padding-left:10px;"><font style="font-size: 20px;">Shibam and Wadi Hadramaut </font></td><br />
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<td><font style="font-size: 16px; padding-left: 54px;">Site:</font></td><br />
<td style="padding-left:10px;"><font style="font-size: 20px;">Shibam and Wadi Hadramaut </font></td><br />
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<h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Location</h2><br />
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<td><b>Continent:</b> Asia<br />
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<b>Country:</b> Yemen<br />
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<b>Site:</b> Shibam and Wadi Hadramaut <br />
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<b>Coordinates:</b><br />
<br>Lat: <br />
15.93<br />
<br>Long: <br />
48.68</td><br />
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<h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Description of the local variant of the technique</h2><br />
<p style="text-align: justify;">The city of Shibam is built in flood plain bed of the wadi. The city and the oasis comes from the accumulated knowledge of a people who for the need of cooperation for the water supply expressed a strong united social and a planned control of the space. Thanks to the works of retention of flood waters that since ancient times have been kept and handed down. The integrated system of traditional knowledge that contributes to the survival of the oasis involves every aspect of this community. The town is indispensable to the fertilization of the fields and interacts with them in an unbreakable cycle of proper use of resources. From the type of lavatory to the structure of the homes until the full plan, the city responds to the needs of collecting human waste. These wastes, indispensible to render the desert cultivatable, are left to dry on the sands. With the source of the flood waters, controlled by deviation dams, the excrements are transformed into humus for the cultivation and colloidal material that is dug and used for construction and periodically for renovation, the high houses in raw clay of the city. Depressions encircled by dams and canals are created and are shaded by the palm groves which have the function of producing the agricultural foods and to protect the habitation from floods by absorbing the quantities of water. In the dry season the water conserved in the sediment can be tapped using wells.&nbsp;</p><br />
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<h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Survival prospects</h2><br />
<p>60% preserved and functional&nbsp;</p><br />
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<h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Images</h2><br />
<p><img alt="" src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/libs/kcfinder/upload/images/image.scheda2.tecnicaG14.shabim.png" /></p><br />
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<h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Deepening</h2><br />
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<td align="center" valign="top"><h3>TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE DATA</h3><br />
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<td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Technique</td><br />
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<td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;"><a href="/index.php?title=GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_AUTOPOIETIC_COMMUNITIES">AUTOPOIETIC COMMUNITIES</a></td><br />
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<td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Cathegory</td><br />
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<td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;"><a href="/index.php?title=G_Social_organization_art_and_spirituality" >G - Social organization, art and spirituality</a></td><br />
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<td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Identification code</td><br />
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<td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;">G14</td><br />
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<td><a href="/index.php?title=AUTOPOIETIC_COMMUNITIES_LOCAL_APPLICATION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE"><div style="height: 30px; width: 30px; border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #FAE7B4; float: left; margin-right: 5px;"><br />
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</div></a><a href="/index.php?title=AUTOPOIETIC_COMMUNITIES_LOCAL_APPLICATION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE">Other Local applications of the technique</a></td><br />
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<td><h3>RELATED TECHNIQUES</h3></td><br />
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<td> <div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">F5</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_ARCHITECTURE_FOR_PROTECTING_FROM_EXTREME_CLIMATES"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/F5.jpg" width="100" height="100" />ARCHITECTURE FOR PROTECTING FROM EXTREME CLIMATES </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B9a</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_DEVICES_FOR_THE_CREATION_OF_HUMUS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B9a.jpg" width="100" height="100" />DEVICES FOR THE CREATION OF HUMUS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">C1</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_DIVERSION_SYSTEMS_ON_A_LARGE_SCALE_AND_USE_OF_FLOODS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/C1.jpg" width="100" height="100" />DIVERSION SYSTEMS ON A LARGE SCALE AND USE OF FLOODS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B7a</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_DOMESTICATION_AND_DISSEMINATION_OF_PALM_TREE"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B7a.jpg" width="100" height="100" />DOMESTICATION AND DISSEMINATION OF PALM TREE </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">C12</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_EXCAVATION_AND_DRAINAGE_SYSTEMS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/C12.jpg" width="100" height="100" />EXCAVATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">E7c</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_EXTRAORDINARY_FEATURES_OF_DWELLING_ARCHITECTURE"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/E7c.jpg" width="100" height="100" />EXTRAORDINARY FEATURES OF DWELLING ARCHITECTURE </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">G9</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_FORMS_OF_SOCIAL_SOLIDARITY"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/G9.jpg" width="100" height="100" />FORMS OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B6b</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_GARDENS_IN_CRATERS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B6b.jpg" width="100" height="100" />GARDENS IN CRATERS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B8</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_HORTICULTURE_COMBINED_WITH_HIGH_TRUNK_PLANTS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B8.jpg" width="100" height="100" />HORTICULTURE COMBINED WITH HIGH-TRUNK PLANTS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B9g</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_INTEGRATED_CYCLE_OF_ORGANIC_WASTE"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B9g.jpg" width="100" height="100" />INTEGRATED CYCLE OF ORGANIC WASTE </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">G8</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_KNOWLEDGE_PASSED_ON_DOWN_THE_GENERATIONS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/G8.jpg" width="100" height="100" />KNOWLEDGE PASSED ON DOWN THE GENERATIONS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">E8e</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_RAW_CLAY_STRUCTURES"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/E8e.jpg" width="100" height="100" />RAW CLAY STRUCTURES </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">F6c</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_SYSTEMS_OF_HOUSEHOLD_WASTE_MANAGEMENT"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/F6c.jpg" width="100" height="100" />SYSTEMS OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">E8m</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_TOWER_HOUSE"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/E8m.jpg" width="100" height="100" />TOWER HOUSE </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">E8</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_TRADITIONAL_ARCHITECTURE_FOR_SETTLEMENTS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/E8.jpg" width="100" height="100" />TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE FOR SETTLEMENTS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">E8c</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_TRADITIONAL_TECHNOLOGIES_AND_USE_OF_LOCAL_MATERIAL"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/E8c.jpg" width="100" height="100" />TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND USE OF LOCAL MATERIAL </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">F7</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_URBAN_LAYOUT_FOR_RESOURCES_MANAGEMENT"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/F7.jpg" width="100" height="100" />URBAN LAYOUT FOR RESOURCES MANAGEMENT </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B6</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_VEGETABLE_GARDENS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B6.jpg" width="100" height="100" />VEGETABLE GARDENS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">G13</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_WATER_CORPORATION_AND_HYDRAULIC_LAW"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/G13.jpg" width="100" height="100" />WATER CORPORATION AND HYDRAULIC LAW </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">C2</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_WATER_HARVESTING_IN_POOLS_AND_CISTERNS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/C2.jpg" width="100" height="100" />WATER HARVESTING IN POOLS AND CISTERNS </a></div><div style="width: 110px; height: 182px; font-size: 11px; text-align: center; float:left; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;" ><div style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 2px; width: 35px; padding-left: 1px;">B10f</div><a href="/index.php/GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_WATER_INTAKES_AND_CHANNELS"> <img src="http://oldtkwb.dev.esacor.com/imgcategory/B10f.jpg" width="100" height="100" />WATER INTAKES AND CHANNELS </a></div> </td><br />
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<td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top; width:40%">Author:</td><br />
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<tr><td>IPOGEA, www.ipogea.org</td></tr><br />
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