View source for LOCAL APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUE SOIL WORKING AND TECHNIQUES 39

{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="display:none">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}
<html>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<!--  <h1 style="font-size: 16px; color: #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 0; font-weight: bold">SOIL WORKING AND TECHNIQUES - Uttarakhand, INDIA </h1>-->
  <table width="100%" style="background-color: #FAE7B4" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    <tr style="height: 100px;">
      <td><font style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 24px; padding: 10px;">LOCAL APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUE</font></td>
<!--      <td align="center"><font style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 36px; padding: 10px;">TKWB</font></td>-->
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="2">
      <table width="100%" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; ">
        <tr>
          <td width="80%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; vertical-align: top;" align="left">
          <div style="margin: 20px;">
            <div style="border: 2px solid #000000; min-height: 121px; margin-bottom: 50px;">
	            <table>
		            <tr>
		              <td><img src="https://tkwb.org/imgcategory/B11.jpg" style="padding: 10px; height: 120px;" /></td>
	  	              <td>
          			    <div style="padding: 25px;">
	              		  <table style="cell-padding:10px;">
				              <tr style="vertical-align:text-top">
				                <td><font style="font-size: 16px; padding-left: 8px;">Technique:</font></td>
		        		        <td style="padding-left:10px;"><font style="font-size: 20px;">SOIL WORKING AND TECHNIQUES</font></td>
		         		      </tr>
						      <tr style="vertical-align:text-top">
						        <td><font style="font-size: 16px; ">Local name:</font></td>
				        		<td style="padding-left:10px;"><font style="font-size: 20px;">Pest management </font></td>
				              </tr>
				              <tr style="vertical-align:text-top">
                				<td><font style="font-size: 16px; padding-left: 54px;">Site:</font></td>
                				<td style="padding-left:10px;"><font style="font-size: 20px;">Uttarakhand, INDIA </font></td>
		                	  </tr>
	    		          </table>
   		                </div>
		              </td>
		            </tr>
	            </table>	    		          
            </div>
            <!-- PME init -->
<!--
            <h2>TK Links</h2>
            
-->
            <!-- <a href="http://web.itkius.org/carrara"><img src="https://tkwb.org/img_pod/pod-icon.jpg" width="70px" /> POD website</a><br /><br />
            <a href="http://map.itkius.org/pod"><img src="https://tkwb.org/img_pod/map-icon.png" width="70px" /> Map of all TK PODs</a> -->
            <!-- PME end -->
            <h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Location</h2>
            <table width="100%" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; ">
              <tr>
                <td width="196"><img onclick="window.open('http://web.tkwb.org/tkwb/public/getMap?latitude=30.06&longitude=79.01&technique=B11.jpg')" style=" cursor: pointer; height: 174px;" src="https://tkwb.org/imgcategory/earth.jpg" >
                <p align="center">Click the globe to see the techinique on Google Map</p>
                </td>
                <td><b>Continent:</b> Asia
                <br>
                <b>Country:</b> India
                <br>
                <b>Site:</b> Uttarakhand
                <br>
                <b>Coordinates:</b>
                <br>Lat: 
                30.06
                <br>Long: 
                79.01</td>
              </tr>
            </table>
            <h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Description of the local variant of the technique</h2>
            <p style="text-align: justify;">Continued reckless use of synthetic chemicals for pest control in the valley and plains has&nbsp;resulted in the widespread environmental damage, which contributed to the emergence of a&nbsp;new breed of chemical-resistant super-pests. A study conducted by FAO reports that around&nbsp;300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals.&nbsp;Pesticides also wipe out many useful natural predators and parasites of pests, which help in&nbsp;keeping a check on the growth of the pest population. In such case, traditional ecologically&nbsp;sound methods of pest control and plant based pesticides are of great importance. &nbsp;Some plants and plant products commonly used in Uttarakhand for pest control in paddy are:&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Persian lilac (Melia azedarach):</strong>&nbsp;It is also known by names like Dainkan and Bakayan Leaf&nbsp;extract, kernel extract and its oil is quite commonly used in the valley to control the pest&nbsp;population. It is becoming popular after the Navdanya&rsquo;s intervention in the valley.&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6em;">The targeted&nbsp;pests are: Army worm (Spodoptera litura), Leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), Brown plant&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6em;">hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virescens), Rice gall midge&nbsp;(Orseolia oryzae), Rice stem borer (Sciropopyga incertulus), White backed plant hopper&nbsp;(Sogatella furacifera). The plant is also considered as substitute of Neem.&nbsp;</span></p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Neem (Azadirachta indica) :</strong> The Neem plant is very popular in the planes of India for its&nbsp;different uses. This plant is also used in the plains of the Uttarakhand state against most of the&nbsp;pests of rice including Army worm (Spodoptera litura), Leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),&nbsp;Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virescens), Rice gall&nbsp;midge (Orseolia oryzae), Rice stem borer (Sciropopyga incertulus) and White backed plant&nbsp;hopper (Sogatella furacifera). It is also effective against all the diseases of rice caused by fungus&nbsp;and bacteria. These days&rsquo; farmers are buying the Neem products from market. People in the&nbsp;valleys however use Neem leaves oil and cake quite frequently.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Pongam Tree (Pongamia pinnata):</strong> Commonly known as Karanj It is an important tree used in&nbsp;the pest control in Rice. Pongam leaf and kernel extract and its oil are used against the Army&nbsp;worm (Spodoptera litura), Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Rice case worm&nbsp;(Nymphula depunctalis) and Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). This is also limited in use in&nbsp;Uttarakhand; however, it is very common in the other states of India. Some organic farmers<br />
especially of the Bhabhar and Terai region of the state are also using this plant.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aloe (Aloe barbedensis):</strong> The extract of the whole plant, which is also known as Ghritkumari is&nbsp;used against the Fungal and Bacterial diseases of rice. Although it is not very common in use;&nbsp;only few farmers in the valley are using this plant.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Garlic (Alium cepa):</strong> Lahasun is commonly used by the organic farmers against the Army worm&nbsp;(Spodoptera litura), Brown leaf spot of rice (Helminthosporum oryzae), Rice blast Fungi&nbsp;(Pyricularia oryzae) and Mites. Garlic bulb paste is also used against mites and Armyworm&nbsp;after mixing with the chili in the equal amount.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Basil (Ocimum sanctum):</strong> A plant is commonly known as Tulsi. Its leaf extract is found quite&nbsp;effective against the Armyworm (Spodoptera litura), Mites (Tetranychus sp.) and Nematodes&nbsp;(Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita). The leaves are also used to control the storage pests.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Vitex (Vitex nigundo): </strong>The plant is known as Shiwanli and Nirgundi The leaf extract is used&nbsp;against the viral diseases, Rice stem borer and Case worm (Nymphula depunctalis). Leaves are&nbsp;also mixed with dung to make medicated compost to prevent the soil borne diseases.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Tobacco (Tobaccum sps.): </strong>Leaf extract of Tambaku is quite effective against Mites, Rice stem&nbsp;borer and Caterpillars. Commonly used by the farmers of Navdanya.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Marigold(Tagetes sps.):</strong> Genda is now used commonly by the organic rice farmers in Doon&nbsp;Valley. It works as a pest repellent. It was observed by the farmers that the damage done by the&nbsp;pests was less in the fields where Marigold was grown in the bunds.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Papaya (Carica papaya):</strong> This fruit is known as Papeeta in Uttarakhand. Small pieces of unripe&nbsp;local Papaya are used to control the Rodents. About 4-5 fruits are used for one acre of land.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Other than above-mentioned plants, Black nightshade, (Solanum nigrum), Chili (Capsicum&nbsp;annuum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Goat Weed (Ageratum sp.), Ginger (Zingiber&nbsp;officinale), Dioscora sp., Lantana (Lantana camara), Basya (Eupatorium sp.) etc. are also used to&nbsp;control the pests and diseases in rice. &nbsp;Few other things commonly used in the pest and disease management include Buttermilk, Ash,&nbsp;Cow urine and cow dung. Leaves of Vitex, Persian lilac, Neem etc. are soaked in Buttermilk for&nbsp;one week. After filtering the solution with the help of thin cotton cloth it is used to kill the&nbsp;caterpillars. Ash is used against rice stem borer, whereas, Cow urine is quite effective in fungal&nbsp;diseases and caterpillars. Cow dung is commonly used for plastering the storage bins with mud&nbsp;and cow urine. It is also burnt to fumigate the storeroom. These days physical, mechanical and biological control for pests is gaining popularity in entire&nbsp;India for the pests like stem borer in rice. ICAR has also taken initiative to form an Indian&nbsp;Institute on Organic Farming. The changing world scenario and the depression in yields&nbsp;responses in the farming systems of the green revolution belt has led to change&nbsp;the&nbsp;mandate.&nbsp;Farmers&nbsp;are&nbsp;also&nbsp;making&nbsp;efforts&nbsp;to&nbsp;find&nbsp;out&nbsp;the&nbsp;ecological&nbsp;ways&nbsp;of&nbsp;pest&nbsp;control.&nbsp;This&nbsp;further&nbsp;strengthens the organic movement.</p>
 
            <h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Survival prospects</h2>
            
            <h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Images</h2>
            <p><img alt="" src="https://tkwb.org/libs/kcfinder/upload/images/india_pest.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 434px;" /></p>

            <h2 style="margin-top: 50px;">Deepening</h2>
            
            <br/>
          </div></td>
          <td align="center" valign="top"><h3>TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE DATA</h3>
          <table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 90%; text-align: center;">
            <tr style="height: 40px;">
              <td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Technique</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 100px;">
              <td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;"><a href="/index.php?title=GENERAL_DEFINITION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE_SOIL_WORKING_AND_TECHNIQUES">SOIL WORKING AND TECHNIQUES</a></td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 40px;">
              <td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Icon</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 120px;">
              <td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;" align="center"><img src="https://tkwb.org/imgcategory/B11.jpg" style="padding: 10px; height: 120px;" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 40px;">
              <td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Cathegory</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 60px;">
              <td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;"><a href="/index.php?title=B_Agriculture"  >B - Agriculture</a></td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 40px;">
              <td style="background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold;">Identification code</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="height: 60px;">
              <td style="background-color: #f9f9f9;">B11</td>
            </tr>
          </table>
          <table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 80%; margin-top: 20px;">
            <tr style="height: 40px;">
              <td><a href="/index.php?title=SOIL_WORKING_AND_TECHNIQUES_LOCAL_APPLICATION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE"><div style="height: 30px; width: 30px; border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #FAE7B4; float: left; margin-right: 5px;">

              </div></a><a href="/index.php?title=SOIL_WORKING_AND_TECHNIQUES_LOCAL_APPLICATION_OF_THE_TECHNIQUE">Other Local applications of the technique</a></td>
            </tr>
          </table>
          <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 20px;">
            <tr>
              <td><h3>RELATED TECHNIQUES</h3></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>  </td>
            </tr>
          </table>
          <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 20px;">
            <tr>
              <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top; width:40%">Author:</td>
              <td>
            	<table>
	              <tr><td>IPOGEA, www.ipogea.org</td></tr>
	            </table>
	          </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;">Other authors:</td>
              <td></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;">Reference:</td>
              <td>Project "Knowledge, health and food for all" coordinated by the ONG Ricerca e 
Cooperazione ( www.ongrc.org )</td>
            </tr>
          </table>
          <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 20px; background-color: #FAE7B4; text-align: center;" height="100">
            <tr style="height: 100px;">
              <td><img src="https://tkwb.org/imgcategory/ITKI.jpg" height="60" style="padding-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" class="tkwb-enable-link" data-obj-link="ITKI" /><img src="/initcp/img/logo.png" height="60"  style="padding-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" class="tkwb-enable-link" data-obj-link="TKWB" /><img src="https://tkwb.org/imgcategory/sitti.jpg" height="60" class="tkwb-enable-link" data-obj-link="SITTI" /></td>
            </tr>
          </table></td>
        </tr>
      </table></td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</html>